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No Mature Couples in Fiction: Why?

Mature couple Source: public domain
Mature couple

If you and your partner are one of those mature couples that reads fiction, it’s no surprise that you seldom encounter characters like yourselves. Certainly, you occasionally encouonter a loving couple like Joe and Mrs. Gargery in Dickens’ Great Expecations. But overwhelmingly, they serve as Non-Player Characters (NPCs) of classic fiction. For the most part, protagonists in these classic novels seek to escape their lot. Or, as in D. H. Lawrence‘s Sons and Lovers,  the author depicts married life as sordid and  insufferable.

Consequently, the question becomes: why is this? If fiction reflects society, why do authors denigrate, or ignore altogether, writing about mature happy couples? Isn’t the goal or end game for their protagonisis marriage and living happily ever after? Is the topic too sacharine or bourgeois for modern tastes? Or, is it because they adhere to Tolstoy’s pronouncement in Anna Karenina regarding the interchangeabilty of happy families “being all alike”? Or its contrary, “each unhappy  f amily is unhappy in its own way.” To put it succinctly, unhappy families provide more fertile ground for character development.

Below are a few salient considerations to help you decide:

No Mature, Married Couples: Four Reasons

  • Plot focus–Fiction involves the depiction of intense emotions or conflicts. Because they are mature, happy characters, authors regard such protagonists as unsuitable as the source bed for displays of passion or violence.
  • Genre expectations–fiction has become ever more segmented into genres and sub-genres. For example, fiction has become more balkenized in today’s marketplace with sub-categories aimed at children learning to read and young adults. With much of the advertising aimed toward young readers, fewer monetary incentives remain for stories directed toward the experiences of mature individuals, let alone couples.
  • Emotional depth–elaborating on the previous point: given publishers’ focus on reaching younger readers, publishers may feel that emotions of older characters and their situations are too complex and won’t resonate with young readers. If that’s true, older readers seeking escape in fiction  may not wish to see their life concerns reflected in literature.
  • Market Demand–as indicated above, economics to a certain extent, drives what authors wish to write and what publishers are willing to promote. The market appears to be growing for mature characters in niche categories such as Romance fiction. Howver, the number of people who read fiction (or nonfiction) dwindles rapidly beyond a certain age group. They are even less likely to want the vagaries of society depicted in what they choose to read.

More Mature Couples: Some Suggestions

Mature couple watching sunselt
Mature couples who watch sunsets

However, all is not bleak for the mature couples appearing on the fiction horizon. Female readership has always provided the black ink of publishers’ spreadsheets. Therefore, it isn’t surprising that the characters they choose to read about have matured along with their readership. Author Carys Davies summarizes the situation well in her Literary Hub essay, “Romance Finely Aged: On the Unique Dynamic of Older Couples.” For her tastes, the best fiction “crackles with the jeopardy of two people who have less time in front of them than they have behind them.”

Similar to my top five list of Valentine poems, social media platforms such as Redditt and Maryse’s Book Blog contain informed discussions about the best fomance novels whose protagonists are mature, loving couples. And, for those who like to cover the waterfront on certain topics, Goodreads lists over 90 novels whose main characters are mature couples in loving relationships.

No Mature Couples Upshot

The above seems to undercut my argument. However, remember that the recommended titles in these online sources reflect a perceived real need. Of the all the books published each year, these hundred-plus novels represent a tiny fraction of them. Whether pigeon-holed in a niche genre or identified as lilterary fiction, these novels administer to the sophistication and discrimination of mature reading audiencea.  Moreover, an audience who wishes to see their problems, their realities reflected in the culture they inhabit.

What do you think?  Have you found literature about maature, loving couples difficult to find? Should their concerns and conflicts be shoved aside and ignored? Let us know in the Comments.

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Sundown Towns: The Truth Revealed

Sundown Towns in honor of George Floyd
George Floyd Photo courtesy of Wikipedia

This month’s post examines a lesser-known aspect about American inter-racial relations: sundown towns.  Similar in theme to my post on being melungeion, this essay honors the memory of  George Floyd and celebrates  Black History Month .

What Are Sundown Towns?

The definition of a sundown town derives from its name.   Also known as sunset towns, gray towns or sundowner towns according to Wikipedia, the term refers to those all-white communities in the United States that practiced a form of racial segregation that excluded non-whites through discriminatory local laws, discrimination, or violence.

Most prevalent before the 1950s, the expression applied to signs that directed ‘colored people’ to leave the vicinity before sundown.  Though primarily restricted to towns and small communities,  the limitations declared by such signs served suburbs and counties as well. While applied primarily to the black community, such signs aided in excluding many other minority groups as well such as Native Americans, Asians, Latinos, Jews, and Catholics.

History of Sundown Towns

The backstory of the term predates the establishment of the United States.  As early as 1714, the province of New Hampshire passed  “An Act to Prevent Disorders in the Night.”  The practice coincided with the expansion of America settlements across the continent. Laws and signs restricting black immigration appeared in Illinois, Ohio,  Michigan, and Iowa well into the 1850s.

However, the establishment of  sundown towns reached its zenith with the imposition of Jim Crow laws during and after post-Civil War Reconstruction in 1877. Other related practices such as redlining restricted minority choices were to live and work throughout the first half of the twentieth century.

Only with the rise of the civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s did discriminatory laws begin to disappear. And, it was only with the passage of the Fair Housing Act of 1968 which prohibited racial discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of housing that sundown towns finally began to disappear. Even then, de facto sundown towns continued to exist until the 1980s.

Sundown Towns in the 21st Century

James W. Loewen research on Sundown Towns
James W. Loewen.
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia

These  developments enabled sociologist Heather O’Connell  to declare in 2019 that sundown towns are “(primarily) a thing of the past.” However, sociologist and historian James W. Loewen adopted the contrarian viewpoint by declaring that few out of the hundreds of communities that are or had been sundown communities kept official records of such ordinances. Moreover, he noted the persisting effects of sundown towns’ violently enforced segregation even after they had been integrated to a small degree.

Loewen’s assessment concurs with the sociological assessment of Minneapolis during the 2010s when it was revealed that realtors still engaged in redlining neighborhoods based on race and ethnicity.  Long a a de facto insturment in the confining blacks to the north side of the city, the practice served as one of many undercurrents that resulted in the murder of George Floyd mentioned above.

Sundown Towns in Media

Unsurprisingly, the topic serves as thematic fodder for a variety of books, plays, and films. Below are listed some of the more prominent examplies  depicting the concept:

  • Breakfast of Champions, written by Kurt Vonnegut
  • The Fugitive Kind, directed by Sydney Lumet
  • Gentlemen’s Agreement, directed by Elia Kazan
  • Green Book, directed by Peter Farrelly
  • I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, written by Maya Angelou
  • Lovecraft Country, directed by Misha Green
  • Naked Lunch, written by William  Burroughs

Concluding Thoughts

The topic of sundown towns remains a controversial one, to say the least. As Loewen stated above, few municipalities mainstained or are willing to admit they once posted signs and ordinances restricting  the appearance of minorities in their communities after sundown.  A Wikipedia entry lists  towns which adopted these discriminatory measures. In addition,  The History of Social Justice website contains a datebase on the topic as well. But, a quick examination of the entries in both sources shows that the  “Don’t Know” response dominates most entries under the category of “Sundown Town in the Past?”

Consequently, some readers may question whether such revelations about a town’s history are beneficial or harmful. Doesn’t such exposure serve only to reopen the wound and retraumatize the victims?

Perhaps.

But until  researching this topic, I neveer  had  heard of the term, much less comprehended the scope of the issue, an issue which  persists in disguised ways. Therefore, it remains imperative to reveal another unpleasant aspect of the underbelly of American culture. In an era when dissension and otherness grow increasingly suspect and punishable, doesn’t it behoove us to be cognizant of how and why we got this way?

What do you think? Let me know in the Contact form below.

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Secrets of Groundhog Day: Imbolc

Imbolc festival, Marsden, West Yorkshire, 2007
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia

Does the winter storm that disabled half the country find you longing for spring? Are you hoping Puxnatawny Phil and his surrogates will signal fairer weather’s coming? And, are you wondering where and how Ground Hog Day originated?

Wonder no longer. It started with Imbolc.

Imbolc: Description

What is Imbolc? Imbolc is a traditional Gaelic festival celebrated on Frebruary 1st of each year.  Marking the beginning of spring, it falls halfway between the winter solstice and the March equinox in the northern hemisphere.

Imbolc: Origins and History

Unlike the secular celebrations described in my other posts, the back story of Imbolc follows the paradigm of many pagan holidays co-opted by Christianity. Originally celebrated to mark the beginning of lambing season, imbolc also marked the onset of fresh sheep milk and the beginning of preparations for spring planting.

Some historians tie it to the Roman celebration of Lupercalia, a purification festival to promote health and fertility  held annually on the fifteenth of February. Coincidentlly, that holiday also was known as Februatus, after purification instruments called februa, basis for the Roman month named Februararius.

Whatever the case, imbolc became superseded by the feast day of Saint Brigid, the patroness saint of Ireland. She replaced the pagan goddess, Brigid, associated with wisdom, poetry, healing, protection, smithing and domesticated animals.

Consequences

As a result, the mythology surrounding the original celebrations consolidated its various pagan origins towards something more abstract and less agrarian though some fertility elements remained. With Beltane (1 May), Lughnasadh (1 August) and Samhain (1 November), imbolc marks one of four astronomical halfway points between solstice and equinox festivals. Those eight festivals called Sabbats constitute the Wheel of the Year in the modern Wiccan calendar.

German Influences

The Christianization of Germany resulted in religious holiday transformations similar to Ireland’s.  For example, Candlemas (February 2nd) celebrates the presentation of Jesus at the Temple, replacing earlier pagan weather prognostication lore based on whether or not a groundsow (a badger, but originally a bear) saw its shadow.

Over time, immigrants new to America bundled the German, Gaelic, and other weather-forecasting traditions into into the composite celebration of Groundhog Day. Far from its pagan origins, it nonetheless continues to play a significant role in modern American culture.

Conclusion: Secret No More

Collectively, Imbolc, Candlemas, and Groundhog Day hold little religious or predictive significance today. However, they still play a supportive role in the nation’s cultural zeitgeist. At a time when Americans are questioning the strength and direction of their social and political institutions, a pagan fertility ritual provides reassurance and hope for positive change during these perilous, uncertain times.

What do you think? Let me know in the Leave a Reply section below.